Peptides Aicar 50mg CAS：2627-69-2

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AICAR (**5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide**) is a biologically important compound, often used as a pharmacological tool to study the effects of cell metabolism, exercise physiology and anti-aging. AICAR is a mimetic that can activate the AMPK (5' AMP-activated protein kinase) pathway, thereby affecting energy metabolism and various metabolic pathways in cells.

### 1. Physical and chemical properties:

The chemical structure of AICAR is:

**C9H14N4O5**, with a molecular weight of **258.24 g/mol**.

It is composed of a molecule of ribose (sugar part) and a purine derivative with an amino group (i.e., aminoimidazole-cyclohexane acid), which can enhance the energy metabolism of cells by activating the AMPK pathway in cells. Specifically, AICAR is an agonist of AMPK, which binds to AMPK by simulating AMP (adenosine monophosphate), thereby activating AMPK and activating a series of downstream metabolic reactions.

### 2. Main effects and functions:

The effect of AICAR is mainly related to its activation of the AMPK pathway. AMPK is an energy sensor in cells that participates in regulating the balance of cellular energy. The main functions of AICAR include:

1. **Promote fatty acid oxidation**: AICAR can increase the oxidation of fatty acids, help fat metabolism, and increase endurance during exercise.

2. **Enhance muscle endurance**: By activating AMPK, AICAR can improve the energy metabolism efficiency of muscle cells and improve exercise performance.

3. **Improve glucose metabolism**: AICAR can improve glucose uptake and metabolism, which is of certain significance for the study of metabolic diseases such as diabetes.

4. **Delay aging**: Studies have shown that AICAR can activate some anti-aging pathways in some animal models and delay the aging process.

AICAR activates AMPK, thereby regulating the energy state in cells, promoting fatty acid metabolism, improving glucose metabolism, and promoting the generation of ATP in cells, ultimately improving the energy efficiency of cells and tissues.

### 3. Dosage and use:

AICAR is usually used as a pharmacological research tool, and the specific dosage depends on the research objectives and application scenarios. Here are some common dosage ranges:

- **Experimental dose**: AICAR is usually administered by injection, with a general dosage range of 0.5-2 mg per kilogram of body weight. Higher doses may also be used in some experiments, depending on the experimental needs.

- **Exercise physiology research**: AICAR is sometimes used to study its role in athletic performance, with a common dose between 0.5-2 mg/kg.

AICAR is injected into the body (commonly administered subcutaneously or intravenously) and is usually used under medical or researcher supervision.

### 4. Half-life and pharmacokinetics:

- **Half-life**: AICAR has a short half-life in the body, generally between **30 minutes and 1 hour**. Because it is a water-soluble molecule, it metabolizes quickly and is usually quickly cleared by the liver and other tissues.

- **Metabolism and excretion**: AICAR is rapidly converted in the body and excreted through the kidneys. Its metabolic pathway mainly depends on its activation in the body, so it does not produce a large number of metabolites like some small molecule drugs.

### 5. Cycle and duration of action:

AICAR has a short duration of action, generally reaching its maximum effect within **1-2 hours** after administration. Due to its short half-life, repeated administration is usually required if sustained action is required. In some sports physiology studies, the effects of AICAR are usually concentrated within a few hours after exercise, especially the effects on fatty acid metabolism and energy expenditure.

### 6. Clinical application and research:

The clinical application of AICAR is still in the research stage, but it has shown potential in some specific disease areas:

- **Diabetes and metabolic syndrome**: AICAR can improve glucose metabolism, so AICAR is being explored as one of the potential therapeutic tools in the treatment of metabolic diseases such as diabetes.

- **Sports performance**: AICAR is used as a performance enhancement tool in some sports physiology studies due to its effects on enhancing muscle endurance and fatty acid oxidation.

- **Anti-aging**: By activating AMPK, AICAR is also considered to have anti-aging potential and can promote cell health and longevity.

- **Cancer Research**: Regulation of the AMPK pathway is closely related to the metabolism of cancer cells, and some studies have shown that AICAR may help treat cancer, especially by regulating energy metabolism to inhibit tumor growth.

### 7. Risks and Side Effects:

Although AICAR has shown potential in laboratory studies, abuse or improper use may cause the following side effects due to its role in regulating metabolism:

1. **Metabolic Disorders**: Overactivation of AMPK may lead to metabolic instability and even interfere with normal cell function.

2. **Drug Resistance**: Long-term use of AICAR may cause cells to develop resistance to it, reducing drug efficacy.

3. **Athlete Abuse**: Due to its ability to improve endurance and physical fitness, AICAR is at risk of being abused by athletes. In fact, AICAR has been included in the list of drugs banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).

**AICAR** (full name: 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide) is a chemical substance with extensive research value in the fields of sports physiology and molecular biology. It has attracted attention for its regulatory effects on metabolism and cell function. The following is a detailed introduction to the applicable population, working principle, and usage and dosage of AICAR.

### 1. **AICAR applicable population**

AICAR is mainly used for experimental and therapeutic research, and has not yet been popularized for routine clinical treatment applications. Its applicable population mainly includes:

- **Athletes and fitness enthusiasts**: In sports science research, AICAR has attracted attention for its potential to promote endurance and improve athletic performance. Some athletes may use it in the process of enhancing athletic performance, but this use is controversial and is listed as a banned drug by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).

- **Diabetic patients**: Some studies have shown that AICAR may have potential in regulating sugar metabolism and insulin sensitivity, so it is studied for improving the symptoms of diabetes, especially for patients with type 2 diabetes.

- **Patients with cardiovascular disease**: AICAR has been found in research to have potential benefits for cardiovascular health, especially in improving heart function and reducing symptoms of heart failure.

- **Aging-related diseases**: AICAR may improve aging-related metabolic problems by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway.

### 2. **How ​​AICAR works**

The mechanism of action of AICAR mainly involves the following aspects:

- **AMPK activation**: AICAR is an agonist of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an important energy sensor that regulates the metabolic state of cells. When excessive energy is consumed in cells, AMPK is activated, initiating a series of reactions to restore the energy balance of cells. AICAR activates AMPK by mimicking the effects of AMP, thereby improving cellular energy metabolism and fatty acid oxidation.

- **Improving fat oxidation and sugar metabolism**: AMPK activation promotes fatty acid oxidation and improves sugar metabolic efficiency. This makes AICAR potentially helpful in improving athletic performance, increasing endurance, and improving blood sugar control in patients with diabetes.

- **Enhancing muscle metabolism**: Another research direction of AICAR is its potential in improving muscle metabolic efficiency and promoting muscle growth. By regulating the utilization of fat and sugar, it can improve athletic performance and help enhance athletic endurance.

- **Inhibit fat accumulation**: AICAR helps reduce fat accumulation by improving fat metabolism, especially in patients with high-fat diets or metabolic diseases (such as obesity, diabetes), which may bring positive effects.

### 3. **Dosage and administration of AICAR**

As a research chemical, AICAR is usually used in animal experiments and preclinical studies and has not yet been widely used in human treatment. The existing dosage and administration are mainly derived from experimental research and animal experimental data:

- **Preclinical studies**: In animal studies, AICAR is usually administered by injection (such as subcutaneous injection or intravenous injection). The dosage range is about 1–5 mg per kilogram of body weight, and injections are usually given several times a week.

- **Studies on athletic performance**: Some studies use doses in the range of 10–30 mg/kg body weight, but these doses are not based on human safety standards and cannot be directly recommended to humans.

- **Studies on diabetes and metabolic diseases**: In diabetic models, the dose of AICAR is usually low, generally starting from 1–5 mg/kg body weight. The duration and dosage of AICAR should be determined based on research needs.

### 4. **Side effects and risks**

Although AICAR has shown potential benefits in experimental studies, its side effects and long-term safety have not been fully verified. Possible side effects include:

- **Metabolic disorders**: Overactivation of AMPK may lead to metabolic disorders, affect normal cell function, and may even cause dysfunction of organs such as the heart and liver.

- **Cardiovascular risks**: AICAR may affect the cardiovascular system by affecting fat metabolism and sugar metabolism, especially for people with existing cardiovascular problems, which may increase the risk.

- **Exercise over-incentive**: AICAR may enhance athletic performance, cause athletes to overtrain, and increase the risk of injury.

### 5. **Legality and prohibition**

AICAR is listed as a prohibited substance by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), especially in sports competitions, where the use of AICAR may result in athletes being banned or disqualified from competition. Therefore, its use for non-medical purposes is subject to strict legal and ethical constraints.

### Summary

Research on AICAR is still ongoing, and its effects on energy metabolism theoretically help improve athletic performance, endurance, diabetes, and other metabolic diseases. However, due to the side effects and potential health risks of AICAR, it has not yet been popularized as a routine treatment. For those who want to try AICAR, they should be cautious and it is best to use it under the guidance of a professional doctor. At the same time, considering its prohibition in sports competitions, users need to comply with relevant regulations.

AICAR (full name: **5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide**) is a naturally occurring compound that belongs to a class of substances called "adenylate kinase agonists". It is often used to study effects related to energy metabolism, athletic performance, anti-aging, and metabolic health. AICAR's mechanism of action is mainly to enhance cellular energy metabolism by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. Here are the main benefits and applications of AICAR:

### 1. **Improving athletic performance**

AICAR has attracted attention for its potential effects on athletic endurance. AICAR can mimic the effects of exercise on the body, promote fat oxidation, and increase muscle endurance and durability. During exercise, AICAR can increase the efficiency of cell energy utilization by activating the AMPK pathway, thereby reducing fatigue during exercise and improving athletic performance.

- **Improving fat metabolism**: AICAR activates AMPK and promotes fatty acid oxidation. This means that it can help enhance the body's use of fat as an energy source during exercise instead of relying on glycogen, thereby improving endurance and fat burning efficiency.

- **Enhance endurance and recovery**: Some studies have shown that AICAR can improve recovery after exercise, reduce exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation, and help athletes recover faster after high-intensity training.

### 2. **Improve metabolic health**

AICAR's effects are not limited to athletic performance, but may also have significant benefits for overall metabolic health. It regulates insulin sensitivity, glucose and lipid metabolism through the activation of the AMPK pathway, and may play a role in the following aspects:

- **Improve insulin sensitivity**: AICAR helps to enhance the effects of insulin, which may be beneficial especially for people with insulin resistance (such as type 2 diabetes). By improving glucose metabolism, it helps stabilize blood sugar levels.

- **Enhance fatty acid oxidation**: By increasing fat oxidation, AICAR may have a certain preventive effect on diseases related to fat storage, such as obesity and metabolic syndrome.

- **Promote lipolysis**: By activating AMPK, AICAR can stimulate the decomposition process of fat cells and help reduce body fat, especially abdominal fat, which is crucial for weight management and obesity prevention.

### 3. **Anti-aging effects**

AICAR's anti-aging effects are closely related to its activation of AMPK. AMPK is considered an important cellular energy sensor that regulates cellular metabolism and stress response. AMPK activation can promote cell repair, anti-oxidation, slow the aging process, and contribute to anti-aging biological processes.

- **Optimization of cellular energy metabolism**: By enhancing cellular energy metabolism, AICAR may help slow down physiological changes associated with aging, including aging-related oxidative damage, inflammation, and loss of cellular function.

- **Delaying aging-related diseases**: AMPK activation helps fight common aging-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease).

### 4. **Enhancing cardiovascular health**

AICAR may also have a positive impact on cardiovascular health by activating AMPK:

- **Improving heart function**: AICAR may promote heart health and function by improving the energy metabolism of cardiomyocytes. It may improve the tolerance and efficiency of the heart by increasing the oxidation of fatty acids by the heart muscle.

- **Vascular health**: AICAR helps improve endothelial function and reduce the risk of arteriosclerosis by enhancing the responsiveness of blood vessels to blood flow. This may help reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular problems such as hypertension and coronary heart disease.

### 5. **Anti-inflammatory effects**

AICAR can alleviate chronic inflammation-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes by regulating inflammatory responses. AMPK activation has a positive effect on inhibiting multiple inflammatory pathways, thereby helping to reduce systemic inflammation levels.

### 6. **Potential anti-cancer effects**

Studies have shown that AICAR can regulate cell proliferation and survival mechanisms by activating AMPK. In some cancer models, AICAR has shown the effects of inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and inducing cancer cell apoptosis. It may interfere with cancer cell growth by changing the energy metabolism of cancer cells, but this effect needs further verification.

### 7. **Improving muscle health**

AICAR may have a positive effect on muscle health by improving cell energy utilization:

- **Increase muscle endurance**: AICAR can increase muscle cell oxygen utilization, reduce fatigue, and help accelerate recovery after exercise by activating AMPK.

- **Increase muscle mass**: Although AICAR mainly enhances endurance by improving fat oxidation, it may also help muscle metabolism, reduce muscle damage and enhance muscle function.

### 8. **Neuroprotective effects**

AICAR also shows some protective effects in the nervous system, especially in some studies of neurodegenerative diseases, where AICAR has a positive effect on the survival of nerve cells:

- **Improving brain energy metabolism**: By activating AMPK, AICAR may enhance brain energy utilization and oxidation processes, slowing nerve cell damage associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease).

- **Anti-neuroinflammatory**: AICAR may reduce the progression of neurodegenerative diseases by regulating the inflammatory response of the nervous system.

### 9. **Other potential benefits**

- **Weight management**: Since AICAR can enhance fat metabolism and improve exercise endurance, it may be helpful for weight loss and weight management.

- **Regulating liver metabolism**: Through the activation of AMPK, AICAR may have a positive effect on fat metabolism in the liver, helping to prevent liver problems such as fatty liver.

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