Peptides SS-31 10mg CAS：736992-21-5

SS-31 (also known as MitoSNO or Elamipretide) is a small molecule peptide compound that belongs to mitochondrial targeted drugs. It improves mitochondrial function by targeting the mitochondrial membrane, especially in the energy metabolism and oxidative stress response in cells. SS-31 is believed to enhance mitochondrial function, reduce oxidative damage, and thus improve cell health.

### Physical and chemical properties:

SS-31 is a peptide compound composed of 9 amino acids. It has a relatively simple chemical structure and is highly water-soluble and lipid-soluble. It can penetrate the cell membrane and effectively target mitochondria. Its chemical name is **D-Arg2,8-[D-Ser, D-Ser]3-Substituted**. The mechanism of action of SS-31 mainly depends on its binding to specific targets on the mitochondrial membrane to improve the energy production and antioxidant capacity of mitochondria.

### Main functions:

1. **Improve mitochondrial function**: SS-31 can bind to the inner membrane of mitochondria, improve the membrane potential of mitochondria, thereby promoting ATP generation and reducing oxidative stress.

2. **Antioxidant effect**: It can effectively reduce the production of free radicals, reduce cell damage caused by oxidative stress, and protect cells from aging or pathological damage.

3. **Protect the heart and nervous system**: SS-31 has been studied for the treatment of heart disease, neurodegenerative diseases, etc., and can alleviate diseases caused by mitochondrial dysfunction.

### Dosage and use:

SS-31 is mainly used in clinical studies in the form of injection or oral administration. Usually the dose is adjusted according to the individual's condition, treatment plan and specific symptoms. Studies have shown that the dose range of SS-31 is usually between 1-10 mg/kg body weight, but the specific dose needs to be based on the doctor's guidance. It is used to treat a variety of diseases related to impaired mitochondrial function, such as cardiovascular disease, nervous system diseases, metabolic disorders, etc.

### Half-life and pharmacokinetics:

SS-31 has a relatively short half-life, usually 1 to 2 hours. Due to its small molecular weight and good bioavailability, it can be quickly distributed and act on the mitochondria in cells, but it also requires frequent administration to maintain its effect.

### Cycle and Effect:

The therapeutic effect of SS-31 usually manifests in the short term, especially after acute illness or injury, and can quickly relieve symptoms caused by impaired mitochondrial function. In long-term applications, SS-31 helps stabilize or improve mitochondrial function problems associated with aging and metabolic disorders. Its treatment cycle varies depending on the patient's condition, and it may need to be used continuously for weeks or months to maintain the effect.

### Clinical Research and Application:

Clinically, SS-31 is currently in the clinical trial stage, mainly used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (such as heart failure, recovery after myocardial infarction), neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease), etc. SS-31 helps slow the progression of these diseases and restore tissue function to a certain extent by improving mitochondrial function and reducing the generation of free radicals in cells.

### Risks and Side Effects:

SS-31 is generally considered relatively safe, but there may still be some side effects, including:

1. **Local reaction**: Slight redness, swelling, pain and other discomfort may occur at the injection site.

2. **Allergic reaction**: A small number of individuals may have allergic reactions to SS-31, manifested as rash, itching, etc.

3. **Safety of long-term use**: Since the clinical research of SS-31 is still in progress, the safety of long-term use has not been fully clarified, so it needs to be used with caution.

In summary, SS-31, as a mitochondrial targeted drug, has the effects of improving mitochondrial function, anti-oxidation and cell protection, and has shown certain efficacy in clinical studies, but further research and verification are still needed.

SS-31 (also called Elamipretide) is a peptide compound used to improve mitochondrial function, promote cell metabolism and protect tissues from oxidative stress damage. Its mechanism of action is mainly through acting on the inner membrane of mitochondria, reducing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), improving mitochondrial function, and thus protecting cells and tissues.

### 1. **Applicable population**

SS-31 is usually used for the following populations:

- **Patients with cardiovascular diseases**: such as heart failure, ischemic heart disease, etc., these diseases are often related to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress damage. SS-31 can help slow down the course of the disease by improving mitochondrial function.

- **Patients with neurological diseases**: such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, etc., these diseases are often accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction. SS-31 may relieve symptoms by improving the mitochondrial health of nerve cells.

- **Patients with metabolic diseases**: such as diabetes, especially the problem of impaired mitochondrial function related to diabetes. SS-31 helps improve cellular energy metabolism.

- **Aging and aging-related diseases**: During the aging process, mitochondrial function declines and oxidative stress increases. SS-31 may help delay these aging-related physiological changes.

- **Muscle-related diseases**: For example, mitochondrial myopathy, SS-31 helps improve patients' exercise ability by improving the mitochondrial function of muscle cells.

### 2. **How ​​it works**

SS-31 works mainly by targeting the inner membrane of mitochondria, playing the following roles:

- **Reducing oxidative stress**: SS-31 reduces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by interacting with the phospholipids of the inner membrane of mitochondria, thereby reducing cell damage caused by oxidative stress.

- **Improving mitochondrial membrane potential**: SS-31 can improve mitochondrial membrane potential, promote ATP synthesis, and increase cell energy supply.

- **Protecting mitochondria**: It can stabilize mitochondrial structure, reduce mitochondrial membrane rupture, and protect mitochondria from damage.

- **Anti-apoptotic effect**: By regulating apoptosis-related pathways in mitochondria, SS-31 can reduce the rate of cell apoptosis, thereby delaying tissue decline and damage.

### 3. **Usage and Dosage**

The usage and dosage of SS-31 will vary depending on the specific clinical situation and treatment goals. The commonly recommended usage and dosage include:

- **Dosage form**: SS-31 is usually used in the form of injection, and there is also an oral form (oral administration may be used in certain specific clinical trials or treatments).

- **Injection dose**: The recommended injection dose for adults is usually 1-2 times a day, and the single dose is generally between 1-2 mg. The specific dose needs to be adjusted according to the patient's specific situation, such as weight, disease severity, etc.

- **Treatment cycle**: The treatment cycle may vary depending on the type of disease and treatment goals. In some cases, long-term use may be required, while in others, it may be short-term treatment.

### Notes:

1. **Side effects**: SS-31 usually has fewer side effects, but mild allergic reactions, pain or redness at the injection site, etc. may occur in clinical use.

2. **Contraindications**: If the patient has a known allergy to the ingredients of SS-31, or certain specific drug interactions, it should be avoided.

3. **Long-term effects**: Research on long-term effects is still ongoing. Although early clinical data show that it is safe and effective, the specific long-term efficacy and safety need to be further confirmed.

In short, SS-31, as an innovative peptide drug, mainly relieves a variety of disease symptoms related to mitochondrial dysfunction by improving mitochondrial function, especially in cardiovascular, nervous system and metabolic diseases. When using it, it is necessary to adjust the dosage and treatment cycle according to the doctor's guidance.

SS-31 (also known as Elamipretide) is a peptide compound that is commonly used to treat diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction. It acts on the mitochondrial membrane to improve the health and function of mitochondria, thereby having a positive impact on a variety of health problems. SS-31 has been widely studied for cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and other diseases related to oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage.

### Basic mechanism of action of SS-31:

SS-31 is a small molecule peptide that can selectively bind to the mitochondrial membrane and improve mitochondrial function. It works through the following main mechanisms:

1. **Antioxidant effect**: SS-31 can reduce cell damage caused by oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is a key pathogenic factor in many diseases, especially those related to aging, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, etc. SS-31 protects cells from free radicals by capturing free radicals and reducing oxidative damage.

2. **Improvement of mitochondrial membrane potential**: SS-31 can improve the potential gradient within the mitochondria, which is an important condition for the normal function of mitochondria. By restoring mitochondrial membrane potential, SS-31 helps to increase mitochondrial energy production and optimize cellular metabolism.

3. **Increase ATP synthesis**: Mitochondria are the energy factories of cells, and ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the main source of energy in cells. SS-31 improves mitochondrial function and increases ATP synthesis, thereby supporting the normal functioning of cells.

4. **Reducing mitochondrial damage**: SS-31 can reduce mitochondrial damage caused by various factors (such as inflammation, oxidative stress, ischemia-reperfusion injury, etc.), delay cell death and aging process.

### Clinical application of SS-31:

Research on SS-31 shows that it has potential therapeutic effects on a variety of diseases, especially in diseases involving mitochondrial dysfunction.

#### 1. **Cardiovascular disease**

SS-31 is believed to have significant benefits for the cardiovascular system. It helps to improve the energy metabolism and function of myocardial cells, so it has potential in diseases such as heart failure and ischemic heart disease.

- **Heart failure**: Studies have shown that SS-31 can improve the energy metabolism of myocardial cells, reduce symptoms in patients with heart failure, and improve exercise capacity.

- **Ischemia-reperfusion injury**: SS-31 can reduce the oxidative stress generated by the heart during ischemia-reperfusion, reduce cell damage, and improve cardiac function.

#### 2. **Neurodegenerative diseases**

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), are often accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction. The mechanism of action of SS-31 makes it a potential treatment option.

- **Alzheimer's disease**: SS-31 has shown the potential to improve cognitive function in animal models and may slow the progression of the disease by reducing oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage.

- **Parkinson's disease**: In Parkinson's disease, SS-31 may play a positive role in slowing the progression of the disease by improving the mitochondrial function of dopamine neurons.

#### 3. **Muscle degenerative diseases**

In muscle diseases, such as muscular dystrophy (Duchenne muscular dystrophy) or other types of muscle decline, mitochondrial dysfunction is also one of the important pathological factors. SS-31 may help the treatment of these diseases by improving mitochondrial health.

- **Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy**: Studies have shown that SS-31 may improve muscle strength and function and slow the progression of muscle damage in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

#### 4. **Diabetes**

People with diabetes often have impaired mitochondrial function, especially in terms of insulin resistance and decreased pancreatic beta cell function. SS-31 has shown potential in studies to improve pancreatic beta cell mitochondrial function and increase insulin secretion.

- **Treatment of Diabetes**: SS-31 may have a positive impact on the management of diabetes by enhancing insulin sensitivity and improving mitochondrial function.

#### 5. **Aging and Degenerative Diseases**

With age, the decline in mitochondrial function can lead to a range of health problems. As a mitochondrial protector, SS-31 has the potential to slow the aging process and improve the symptoms of degenerative diseases.

- **Aging**: SS-31 can help slow the aging process and improve the overall function of the body by slowing cell aging, reducing inflammation and oxidative damage.

### Other potential benefits of SS-31:

- **Anti-inflammatory effect**: SS-31 can alleviate diseases caused by chronic inflammation by reducing inflammatory responses.

- **Enhanced athletic ability**: Since SS-31 can improve mitochondrial function and enhance ATP synthesis, it may have a positive effect on improving athletic endurance and muscle strength.

- **Liver protection**: Studies have shown that SS-31 can protect the liver from certain harmful factors and may have potential benefits for liver diseases (such as fatty liver, etc.).

### Research and safety:

SS-31 has shown good safety and few side effects in clinical trials. Nevertheless, its long-term safety and effects still need more clinical data support.

### Summary:

SS-31, as a peptide compound with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and mitochondrial function improvement, has shown significant therapeutic potential in a variety of diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction. It has broad research prospects in many fields such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and aging. With further understanding of its mechanism, SS-31 may become an important treatment option for a variety of diseases.

WhatsApp/Telegram:+852 6749 2648

Gmail:lucasraws207@gmail.com

Skype：live:.cid.8f21dc7fc6621ba7

Hot Tags: peptides ss-31 10mg cas：736992-21-5, China peptides ss-31 10mg cas：736992-21-5 manufacturers, suppliers, factory, peptides, TB500 CAS 885340 08 9, PT141 CAS 32780 32 8, MGF CAS 12020 86 9, Follistatin 344 Enhance the vitality and growth rate of muscle cells, AOD9604 CAS 221231 10 3