Description

Technical Parameters

Introduction

MOTS-c2

musclepic 3

Products Description

1. Basic Information and Structural Characteristics of MOTS-C

MOTS-C originates from the open reading frame of mitochondrial 12S rRNA, and its amino acid sequence is typically: MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR

This peptide chain is relatively short, but its structure contains multiple charged amino acid residues (such as Lys and Arg), giving it strong hydrophilicity. It also contains aromatic amino acids such as Tyr and Phe, which contribute to its stability.

Key characteristics include:

Encoded by the mitochondrial genome, not nuclear genes.

Possesses hormone-like biological signaling functions, enabling information transmission between tissues.

Has profound regulatory effects on metabolic pathways.

Belongs to endogenous peptides, exhibiting good compatibility and a safe foundation.

2. Physicochemical Properties (including color, solubility, stability, etc.)

1. Appearance and Color

High-quality MOTS-C raw materials are typically:

White to off-white lyophilized powder.

The powder is loose, uniform, and free of visible impurities.

High-purity products are virtually odorless and tasteless.

If a noticeable yellow tint or uneven color appears, it is often related to residual solvents or oxidation and does not fall into the category of high-quality products.

2. Molecular Properties

Molecular weight is approximately 2172.4 Da.

It belongs to the small molecule polypeptide category and has a compact structure.

Its isoelectric point is slightly neutral to weakly positive.

Due to the presence of basic amino acids, it readily forms stable hydrogen bonds with water.

3. Solubility

High-quality MOTS-C typically exhibits the following properties:

Highly soluble in water.

Rapidly soluble in sterile water for injection, PBS, and weakly acidic buffer solutions.

Poorly soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and ether.

This solubility facilitates the preparation of research solutions and cell experiments.

4. Stability

Very stable in the lyophilized state.

Can be stored long-term in a sealed, light-protected environment at −20°C.

Less stable in solution state; requires immediate preparation and low-temperature use.

Sensitive to oxidation; avoid prolonged exposure to air and high temperatures.

5. Purity Indicators

Research-grade high-quality MOTS-C:

HPLC purity ≥ 98%

Low impurity peaks

Low residual moisture content

No endotoxins or endotoxins controlled within experimental limits.

3. Advantages and Functions of MOTS-C

1. Regulating Glucose Metabolism and Improving Insulin Sensitivity

Studies have shown that MOTS-C can:

Activate AMPK (a core factor in energy metabolism)

Promote glucose uptake

Enhance cellular responsiveness to insulin

Potentially improve metabolic disorders under hyperglycemic conditions

This makes it a peptide molecule of particular interest in metabolic research.

2. Enhanced Energy Metabolism and Endurance Performance

Some animal studies have shown that:

MOTS-C promotes fatty acid oxidation

improves mitochondrial function and energy output

delays exercise fatigue and enhances endurance

Therefore, it is often considered a metabolic peptide with anti-fatigue potential.

3. Anti-aging and Anti-stress Capacity

MOTS-C has shown several positive effects in aging studies:

it can enter the cell nucleus under stress conditions and regulate gene expression

reducing oxidative damage

improving age-related metabolic decline

it is even considered a "mitochondrial-derived anti-aging molecule"

which makes it promising in delaying the aging process.

4. Anti-inflammatory and Protective Effects on Cellular Function

MOTS-C may help resist metabolic damage caused by chronic inflammation by:

reducing the release of inflammatory cytokines

maintaining cellular energy homeostasis

protecting pancreatic β cells

5. Potential Adjunctive Effects on Weight Management

Due to improved energy metabolism efficiency, it indirectly has the following effects:

reducing fat accumulation

improving metabolic syndrome

Research is ongoing, but the trends are worth noting.

4. Production Process and Quality Requirements

1. Synthesis Method

High-quality MOTS-C typically employs Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS) technology.

Precise control of amino acid sequence

Controllable reaction, high efficiency

Few impurities, high purity

2. Purification Technology

Mainly relies on:

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Removal of uncoupled peptide fragments and oxidation byproducts

3. Final Processing

Lyophilization to obtain a stable powder

Bottling and sealing, protecting from moisture and light

5. Application Areas

1. Metabolic Disease Research

Including:

Type 2 Diabetes

Insulin Resistance

Metabolic Syndrome

Fatty Liver

MOTS-C is an important tool peptide for studying metabolic regulation.

2. Anti-aging Science

As an important member of the MDP (mitochondrial peptide) family, its role in anti-aging and longevity research is rising.

3. Exercise and Fitness Science

Studies have shown that it contributes to energy metabolism and endurance improvement, therefore it is often used in:

Endurance training models

Studies on the mechanisms of exercise fatigue recovery

4. Cell and Animal Experimental Models

Used to explore:

AMPK signaling pathway

Mitochondrial function

Metabolic regulation mechanisms

6. Storage and Usage Precautions

Storage conditions:

Lyophilized powder: Can be stored long-term at −20°C

Keep away from light and moisture in a tightly closed container

Supply state should not be stored for long periods and should be used immediately

Usage points:

Use aseptic techniques

Use water for injection or PBS as the solvent

Prevent repeated freeze-thaw cycles

7. Summary

MOTS-C is a high-quality short peptide from mitochondria with a unique source, a clear mechanism of action, and great research potential. It exhibits multifaceted advantages in metabolic regulation, anti-aging, and improving energy metabolism. As a research-grade raw material powder, it has stable physicochemical properties, requires high purity, and has a clean, uniform white appearance, making it suitable for a wide range of exploratory research in the biomedical field.

With the continuous progress in mitochondrial peptide research, MOTS-C is expected to become an important tool molecule for solving metabolic diseases, studying aging mechanisms, and improving the body's energy balance. Its systematic scientific significance and application prospects are being recognized and valued by more and more researchers.